Pdf oil refining and products abdullah aitani academia. Petroleum refinery engineering petroleum is a combustible oily liquid of reddish brown to almost black colour, produced from oilwells. Chemically resistant masonry, walter lee sheppard, jr. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals eolss. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries also referred to as oil refineries to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas lpg, gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils. Petroleum refining 101 course january 2020 in denver euci. Petroleum refining is a unique and critical link in the petroleum supply chain, from the wellhead to the pump. Petroleum refining petroleum refinery,petroleum equipment.
The other links add value to petroleum mainly by moving and storing it e. Energy information administration eia, the statistical and analytical agency within the u. This latest edition of a bestselling text provides updated data and addresses changes in refinery. It discusses different refining processes and refinery configuration, which can. However, none of these products would exist without the. This course introduces candidates to organic as practiced in the petrochemical chemistry industries. This international standard establishes material requirements for resistance to ssc in sour petroleum refining and related processing environments containing h 2 s either as a gas or dissolved in an aqueous liquid water phase with or without the presence of hydrocarbon. Combine blendstocks to produce finished products that. Petroleum institute separators, dissolved air flotation daf units and further treatment units such as an activated sludge biotreater to make water suitable for reusing or for disposal. Chapter 8 petroleum for the foreseeable future, oil will remain a critical fuel for the united states and all other industrialized nations. Course syllabus for petroleum chemistry ii instructor information.
Catalysis of organic reactions, edited by william r. The journal includes timely articles on the demulsification, desalting, and desulfurizing of crude oil. Speight encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. Crude oil petroleum is a naturally occurring brown to black flammable liquid. Carbon chemistry and refining 20 by william srite feedstocks overview 32 gastoliquids 36. Prior to that time, petroleum was available only in very small quantities from natural seepage of subsurface oil in various areas throughout the world. Petroleum refining crude oil production of materials. Dewatering and desalting before separation of petroleum into its various constituents can proceed, there is the need to clean the petroleum. History, process and products nearly every aspect of our modern lifestyle is impacted by oil. Crude oil production to 2025 updated projection of crude types i. Includes refining of petroleum crude oil, processing of natural gas and the use of petroleum and its derivatives as raw materials. The desulfurization of heavy oils and residua, james g. Introduction to refining the modern crude oil refinery is designed to convert basic raw crude oil into various useful products through. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and their derivatives containing oxygen, sulphur,nitrogen and minor quantities of some other materials.
This is a chemistry video for grade 8910 students that talks about the elaborate process of refining of petroleum in industry. Refineries produce a variety of products including cesses involve chemical or. Petroleum refining refers to the process of converting crude oil into useful products. This seminar program was designed to serve as an introduction to petroleum refining processing. Light distillates liquid petroleum gas lpg gasoline also known as petrol kerosene jet fuel and other aircraft fuel.
Petroleum refining, conversion of crude oil into useful products, including fuel oils, gasoline petrol, asphalt, and kerosene. This international standard does not include and is not intended to include design specifications. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum. The chemistry and technology of petroleum crc press book with demand for petroleum products increasing worldwide, there is a tendency for existing refineries to seek new approaches to optimize efficiency and throughput. Treatment processes in petroleum refining introduction oil refinery. Crude oil is predominately processed and used as a fuel oil or gasoline. It is second only to the chemicals industry in the total amount of energy it consumes. There are three steps in the petroleum refining process separation, conversion, and treatment. The alkylation process combines light isoparaffins, most commonly isobutane, with c 3 c 4 olefins, to produce a mixture of higher molecular weight isoparaffins i. Petroleum is converted into energy rich fuels such as gasoline, diesel, jet, heating, liquid petroleum gas lpg, and other fuel oils.
The chemistry and technology of petroleum crc press book. The crude oil feedstock is heated to 65180c to reduce viscosity and surface tension for easier mixing and separation of the water. Overview of refinery processing gasoline under laboratory conditions that. Semih eser, professor of energy and geoenvironmental engineering, college of earth and mineral sciences, penn state. Petroleum chemistry and refining applied energy technology series speight, james g. Complete separation into fractions containing individual compounds is economically impractical and virtually impossible technically.
In this lecture, we present a brief overview of the petroleum refining, a prominent process technology. Handbook of petroleum refining feedstock composition. In the refining industry, crude oil is called sweet low sulfur if its sulfur level is less than a threshold value e. Petroleum refining an overview sciencedirect topics. Crude oil is composed of hundreds of different hydrocarbon molecules, which are separated through the process of refining. By georgia lewis contents c m y cm my cy cmy k world petroleum council 19122012 rev1.
Speight,2476 overland road, laramie, wy 820704808, usa 1. Its purpose is to develop an understanding of the technology and its applications at an. Petroleum refining and the prod uction of ulsg and ulsd october 24, 2011 page 2 2. Petroleum is used mostly, by volume, for producing fuel oiland petrol, both important primary energy sources. The book describes the chemistry and physics that occur during the refinery operations and how the properties can be translated into predictability. Data request for the petroleum refining industry detailed. Fundamentals of petroleum refining presents the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics, and it explains the scientific background essential for understanding refinery operations. In processing crude oil 84% by volume of the hydrocarbons are converted into such products.
The polymerization process is no longer widely used to produce gasoline blend stream 1, 9. The key manufacturing operations include crude oil loading and unloading, mixing of crude oil, production unit operations of conversion and separation, operations of blending. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Jarullah physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products 1 density, specific gravity, and api gravity density is defined as mass per unit volume of a fluid. The use of more complex feedstocks in terms of chemical. The temperature is limited by the vapor pressure of the crudeoil feedstock. Petroleum chemistry and refining applied energy technology. The crude oil as it is found in nature comprises of complex mixtures of compounds having hydrogen and carbon hydrocarbons. Nov 16, 2012 this is a chemistry video for grade 8910 students that talks about the elaborate process of refining of petroleum in industry. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals refining james g.
Diesel blend consists of cuts from atmo transportation fuels and petrochemical. The seminar focuses on the core refining processes of fluid catalytic cracking, alkylation, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, and catalytic reforming, although all major processes are covered in detail. Petroleum refining processes are those chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries also referred to as oil refineries to transform petroleum crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas lpg, gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils. Chem3420 p e trol u mch is y sultan qaboos university. Petroleum refining processes are those chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries also referred to as oil refineries to transform petroleum crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas lpg, gasoline. The text also provides a detailed introduction to refinery engineering topics, ranging from the basic principles and unit operations to overall refinery economics. Classified under sic 29, the petroleum refining industry is. Petroleum chemistry is made of a mixture of different hydrocarbons. Refining endproducts the primary endproducts produced in petroleum refining may be grouped into four categories. The most prolific hydrocarbons found in the chemistry of petroleum are alkanes, these are also sometimes knows as branched or linear hydrocarbons. The light gaseous hydrocarbons produced by catalytic cracking are highly unsaturated and are usually converted into highoctane gasoline components in polymerization or alkylation processes. Moreover to the hydrocarbons, compounds of sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen are present in small amounts. A must read for all who are associated with oil refining. Pdf practical advances in petroleum processing researchgate.
World petroleum council guide petrochemicals and refining. Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils publishes reports on improvements in the processing of petroleum and natural gas and cracking and refining techniques for the production of highquality fuels, oils, greases, specialty fluids, additives and synthetics. Refinery upgrading to meet more stringent sulfur standards. Supported by numerous illustrations and references, this book describes the chemistry and physics that occur during the refinery operations, and how the properties of petroleum can be translated into predictability in refinery scenarios.
Course book about petroleum chemistry ii 3 slideshare. The petroleum refining industry converts crude oil into more than 2500 refined products, including liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, kerosene, aviation fuel, diesel fuel, fuel oils, lubricating oils, and feedstocks for the petrochemical industry. Petroleum refining petroleum refining polymerization and alkylation. The refinery has shifted from only physical crude oil in mediumtype conversion refining separations to something close to a chemical plant. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum products 161 james g.
Crude oil to the consuming public, crude oil is the raw material that will ultimately power our vehicles, provide heating, pave our roads, and become the building blocks for many of the plastics we use. The chemistry and technology of petroleum, james g. Refining involves a wide variety of chemical reactions and understanding refining chemistry not only allows the refiner to understand the means by which these products can be formed from various feedstocks, but also offers a chance of process predictability of the process chemistry leading to process evolution for the refinery to accommodate the different types of crude oil as well. Speight encyclopedia of life support systems eolss refinery gas c1 c4 161 1 259 31 liquefied petroleum gas c3 c4 42 1 44 31 naphtha c5 c17 36 302 97 575 gasoline c4 c12 1 216 31 421. Petroleum forms by the breaking down of large molecules of fats, oils and waxes that contributed to the formation of kerogen see chapter 6. It is a mixture of about 10 different types of fairly simple hydrocarbons, depending on its source. Petroleum refining and gas processing involve the handling of hydrocarbons in. The most important refinery product is motor gasoline, a blend of. In many cases, graduates from the petroleum engineering department had to assume responsibilities in refining and petrochemical plants while many chemical engineers have been assigned jobs in the prospecting and oil field operations.
Petroleum refining at a glance petroleum refining is a unique and critical link in the petroleum supply chain, from the wellhead to the pump. Oil is used to power our vehicles, to create medicines that keep us healthy, and to make the plastics, cosmetics, and other personal products that enhance our daily lives. This courseware module is part of penn states college of earth and mineral sciences oer initiative. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals basics. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header. Doe treating in petroleum refining is a means by which contaminants such as organic compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen. Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attributionnoncommercialsharealike 4. Learn more about petroleum refining, including its history and the various processes used to create the different products. Young builds a coaloil refinery in whitburn, scotland. Nov 25, 2016 petroleum refining,crackin and synthetic petrolppt 1.
Basic petroleum engineering practices overview this course is far more than an introduction to petroleum engineering and certainly is not a super. Petroleum chemistry and refining crc press book supported by numerous illustrations and references, this book describes the chemistry and physics that occur during the refinery operations, and how the properties of petroleum can be translated into predictability in refinery scenarios. Petroleum refining or oil refining is an industrial process in which crude oil is extracted from the ground and transformed and refined into useful products like liquefied petroleum gas lpg, kerosene, asphalt base, jet fuel, gasoline, heating oil, fuel oils etc. A significant percentage of the remaining chemical compound is the made up of aromatic hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes. Physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products. Acetylenebased chemicals from coal and other natural resources, robert j. Petroleum chemistry and refining applied energy technology series. The first step in refining petroleum is distillation. The abundance of heavier crude oil has led to the evolution of flexible refining operations capable of producing more valuable finished products from a variety of feedstocks. Pdf the relation of chemistry to the refining of oil. These factors underlie the need for this fifth edition of the chemistry and technology of petroleum, which continues in the tradition of the bestselling fourth edition, proving readers with a detailed overview of the chemistry and technology of petroleum as it evolves into the twentyfirst century. Most sour crudes have sulfur levels in the range of 1. Transformative technology offers a path to greater refining profitability by converting crude to higher value chemicals, with a scale that would disrupt the global chemical industry according to our analyses starting in 2015, crude oil tochemicals cotc, a revolutionary.
The refining of crude petroleum owes its origin to the successful drilling of the first oil well in titusville, pennsylvania, u. The venture representatives presented to the students how a laboratory of chemical analysis of quality assessment works. Refining operations constitute the major applications of chemical engineering this course introduces the student to the scenario of petroleum refining. Petroleum refining and petrochemical processes crude oil. Chapter 5 the petroleum refining industry industry overview the petroleum refining industry uses the largest quantity of premium fuels in the industrial sector, amounting to 2,7 quads in 1981. Written by experts with both academic and professional experience in refinery operation, design, and evaluation, petroleum refining technology and economics, fifth edition is an essential textbook for students and a vital resource for engineers. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum products james g. Aromatic compounds lower members of aromatic compounds are present in small amounts in crude oils and light. The purpose of this course provides the student with an opportunity to acquire a basic scientific and.
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